It’s worth turning our gaze toward present-day Asia. One of the oldest cultures there is currently experiencing a meteoric rise, and we can observe it from afar with a cool, unbiased eye—while we usually don’t even notice when we’re playing the role of buffoons or even criminals back home.
For some time now, increasingly strident rhetoric directed at Japan has been coming out of China—especially since the Takaichi administration announced that a Chinese attack on Taiwan could, under certain circumstances, constitute a situation that threatens Japan’s very existence and thus justify military intervention by Japan. Meanwhile, not a single broadcast on the state-run news channel CCTV4 goes by without Japan being portrayed as a threat to China and all of Asia. Not only is Japan rapidly expanding its military, but the current government also wants to repeal Article 9 of its postwar peace constitution—imposed by the Americans after Japan’s defeat in World War II—which prohibits war and the maintenance of “war potential.” According to CCTV4, prewar militarism is making a comeback, as evidenced by the fact that conservative forces have been pushing for years to revise the portrayal of Japanese war crimes in school textbooks: Future generations will no longer learn about the atrocities committed by their ancestors.
The Chinese reporters are outraged at the fact that their Japanese neighbor dares to treat them with increasing hostility, even though it was they, the Chinese, who suffered the most terrible injustices at the hands of Japan during World War II. According to widely accepted historical estimates, at least 100,000—and possibly as many as 300,000—innocent civilians fell victim to the unbridled massacres following December 13, 1937. The Japanese also committed horrific crimes in Manchuria and in Inner Mongolia, which they controlled. These crimes against humanity are just as much established fact as the even greater horrors perpetrated by the Nazis some year later.
It is true what CCTV4—acting on behalf of the Chinese government—is holding against its neighbor. More precisely, it is true—and yet it is not. For on China’s part, half the truth is deliberately ignored. It is true that Japan has willfully committed the worst crimes against its neighbor, which was still weak at the time, and it is equally true that, especially in recent times, it has been strengthening its own military at an ever-faster pace and will likely soon amend its own constitution to that end. But that is only half the truth, for there is a plausible reason for Japan’s action—and that reason is China.
The country has become a superpower—both economically and in military terms. With its growing strength, it is exerting increasing pressure on its neighbors, for example, by asserting claims to territories beyond its own borders on official maps. This is a policy of expansion that leads to constant border skirmishes. The countries most affected are India (Arunachal Pradesh), Bhutan (Doklam), and Japan (Senkaku Islands). Above all, however, China—with its far-reaching claims in the South China Sea—is in open conflict with Vietnam, the Philippines, Malaysia, Brunei, and, in certain areas, Indonesia as well. The Philippines, in particular, refuse to accept any curtailment of their own territorial claims, especially since the International Court of Justice in The Hague largely upheld their objections. But China, which so readily speaks in the name of all humanity in its official proclamations, flouts international law with a mocking smile as soon as it stands in the way of its own ambitions. The same applies to Taiwan. Whether this democratic country does or does not want to replace its own government with the one-party dictatorship in Beijing is simply irrelevant to mainland China. As in Tibet and Hong Kong, China arrogantly disregards the will of the people when the latter conflicts with its own ambitions.
The well-drilled reporters at CCTV4 are either unable or unwilling to see a simple truth that has been all too well proven by history. Every rising nation that believes itself superior to others is tempted to equate its own lust for power with justice. Japan, the rapidly rising new superpower of East Asia a century and a half ago, first defeated China—which was still weak at the time—in 1895, and ten years later even defeated the Russian superpower. It had thus risen to become the dominant power in the East. Even under the Tokugawa shogunate, beginning in the early 17th century, Japan had enjoyed an exceptionally long period of internal peace and strict order, during which travelers could lose their wallets in a village and still be certain that the finder would return them. Since the Meiji Restoration, when Japan opened itself to the outside world, the emperor had been regarded as a god-like figure. In the eyes of the Japanese, their country’s rise had made it a model for the entire world. The subjugation of its neighbors was therefore viewed by the Japanese as a beneficial endeavor. And this partly explains the extraordinary brutality with which the advancing Japanese soldiers fought and crushed resistance to their country’s expansionist ambitions. “We bring you progress and an order in which all live together in peace. Asia is still a mere nothing compared to Europe and the United States, but we show you the path to future greatness!”
Imbued with a sense of special moral superiority, the Japanese conquerors were capable not only of extreme brutality but also of the most astonishing sacrifices. This included more than just the proverbial kamikaze pilots. For many, the sacrifice of the individual for the greater good was a matter of course right up to the very last moment, when the Emperor announced his country’s surrender. Only then did the country submit to the Americans with equal unity and virtually without any further resistance. One of the best books to date on the light and shadow of this extraordinary country was written by the American anthropologist Ruth Benedict: The Chrysanthemum and the Sword.
At that time, rising Japan had its sights set only on its own greatness—and its supposed mission—not on the danger into which it was plunging precisely because of that very greatness and supposed mission. And this brings us back to today’s Chinese propaganda, as expressed in the remarks of CCTV4 reporters. For exactly the same danger arises today from the undeniable greatness of the new superpower and the supposed mission it has claimed for itself. In material terms, the present-day China is undoubtedly the most successful nation on Earth. No other country has grown so rapidly in such a short time. Within just two decades, for example, the country has built the world’s largest high-speed rail network. For 2024, the UIC reports approximately 67,700 km of high-speed rail lines worldwide; of this, 47,800 km are in China,which is more than two-thirds. Furthermore, the Far Eastern empire has now become the world’s workshop. As early as 2024, it was exporting more goods (including industrial products) than the U.S. and Japan combined—China: $3,577 billion, U.S. + Japan: $2,772 billion. Especially in the eyes of the nations of the Global South, this is a unique achievement that neither the U.S. nor Europe can match.
But those who hold power want to call the shots. The old game, in which Japan and Germany played such an inglorious role, is thus beginning anew—only this time, the top spot is being filled by a new player. When a new superpower flexes its muscles, it can mark the beginning of a new and gruesome farce—for example, if China actually carries out its long-announced invasion of Taiwan. History rhymes, even if it never repeats itself exactly.
As mentioned at the beginning, this is a look into the distance, because then remain cool-headed with an unbiased mindset. What about when we turn our attention to what’s close at hand? That will be the subject of Part 2.

